Pharmaceutics & Dosage Forms

Route of Administration

TRUygulama Yolu
Also known as:Administration route

The path by which a drug is brought into contact with the body, such as oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhaled, topical or transdermal.

In depth

Routes are broadly classified as enteral (via the gastrointestinal tract), parenteral (by injection or infusion, bypassing it) and topical or mucosal (skin, eye, nose, lungs), and may aim at a systemic or a local effect. The route governs bioavailability, onset and duration of action, exposure to first-pass metabolism, the volume that can be given and the risk of local adverse effects; intravenous administration gives complete bioavailability (F = 1) by definition.

Selection depends on the drug's physicochemical properties, the urgency of effect, the patient's ability to swallow or absorb and safety considerations. The approved route is stated in the SmPC (in Turkey, the KÜB), and route errors, such as intrathecal administration of vincristine, can be fatal.

Clinical pearl

When switching routes (for example, intravenous to oral), account for bioavailability: drugs such as levofloxacin convert almost 1:1, whereas drugs with low oral bioavailability need substantially different doses.

Example drugs

Levofloxacin Vincristine
TRIn Turkish

Uygulama Yolu

Bir ilacın vücutla temasa getirildiği yoldur; oral, dil altı, rektal, intravenöz, intramüsküler, subkutan, inhalasyon, topikal ve transdermal yollar buna örnektir.

Uygulama yolları genel olarak enteral (gastrointestinal kanal aracılığıyla), parenteral (gastrointestinal kanalı atlayarak enjeksiyon veya infüzyonla) ve topikal ya da mukozal (deri, göz, burun, akciğer) yollar olarak sınıflandırılır; sistemik ya da lokal etki amaçlanabilir. Uygulama yolu biyoyararlanımı, etkinin başlangıcını ve süresini, ilk geçiş metabolizmasına maruziyeti, verilebilecek hacmi ve lokal advers etki riskini belirler; intravenöz uygulamada biyoyararlanım tanım gereği tamdır (F = 1).

Seçim ilacın fizikokimyasal özelliklerine, etkinin ne kadar hızlı gerektiğine, hastanın yutma veya absorpsiyon yeteneğine ve güvenlilik koşullarına bağlıdır. Onaylı uygulama yolu KÜB'de belirtilir; vinkristinin intratekal uygulanması gibi uygulama yolu hataları ölümcül olabilir.

Uygulama yolu değiştirilirken (örneğin intravenözden orale) biyoyararlanım dikkate alınmalıdır: levofloksasin gibi ilaçlarda geçiş yaklaşık 1:1 oranında yapılabilirken oral biyoyararlanımı düşük ilaçlarda belirgin biçimde farklı dozlar gerekir.

Diğer adları:Veriliş yolu
Updated 24.09.2026 0 views Educational reference — verify against current sources before clinical use.

Read next

Parenteral AdministrationParenteral Uygulama

Administration of a drug by a route that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, usually by injection or infusion (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intrathecal and others).

 Sublingual AdministrationDil Altı Uygulama

Administration of a drug under the tongue, where it dissolves and is absorbed through the oral mucosa directly into the systemic venous circulation, bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism.

 Transdermal Drug DeliveryTransdermal İlaç Uygulaması

Delivery of a drug through intact skin into the systemic circulation, usually from an adhesive patch designed to release the drug at a controlled rate over one to several days.

 BioavailabilityBiyoyararlanım

The fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged, and the rate at which it does so; by definition, bioavailability is 1 (100%) for an intravenous dose.

 First-Pass Effectİlk Geçiş Etkisi

The metabolism of a drug in the liver (or gut wall) before it reaches systemic circulation, often reducing the bioavailability of orally administered drugs.

 Dosage FormFarmasötik Dozaj Şekli

The physical form in which a drug is manufactured and administered, combining the active substance with excipients, for example a tablet, capsule, solution, suspension, injection, cream, transdermal patch or inhalation powder.