Pharmaceutics & Dosage Forms

Transdermal Drug Delivery TDDS

TRTransdermal İlaç Uygulaması
Also known as:Transdermal patch · Transdermal therapeutic system

Delivery of a drug through intact skin into the systemic circulation, usually from an adhesive patch designed to release the drug at a controlled rate over one to several days.

In depth

The stratum corneum is the main barrier, so suitable drugs are potent, of low molecular weight (generally below about 500 Da) and of balanced lipophilicity. Patches are of reservoir or matrix (drug-in-adhesive) design; skin permeation is slow, so there is a lag before therapeutic concentrations are reached, and a skin depot continues to release drug after the patch is removed.

Advantages include avoidance of first-pass metabolism, steady plasma concentrations and improved adherence; established examples include fentanyl, buprenorphine, nicotine, rivastigmine, estradiol and glyceryl trinitrate patches.

Clinical pearl

Heat (fever, heating pads, hot baths) increases absorption from fentanyl patches and can cause overdose; used patches still contain active drug and should be folded adhesive side inwards and disposed of safely, out of reach of children.

Example drugs

Fentanyl Buprenorphine Nicotine Rivastigmine Estradiol glyceryl trinitrate
TRIn Turkish

Transdermal İlaç Uygulaması

İlacın, genellikle bir ila birkaç gün boyunca kontrollü hızda salım yapan yapışkan bir flasterden, sağlam deri yoluyla sistemik dolaşıma verilmesidir.

Başlıca bariyer stratum korneum olduğundan uygun ilaçlar potent, düşük molekül ağırlıklı (genellikle yaklaşık 500 Da'nın altında) ve dengeli lipofilisiteye sahiptir. Flasterler rezervuar veya matriks (ilacın yapışkan tabaka içinde bulunduğu) tipindedir; deriden geçiş yavaş olduğundan terapötik konsantrasyonlara ulaşılmadan önce bir gecikme olur ve flaster çıkarıldıktan sonra da deride oluşan depo ilaç salmayı sürdürür.

İlk geçiş metabolizmasından kaçınma, dengeli plazma konsantrasyonları ve tedaviye uyumun artması başlıca avantajlarıdır; fentanil, buprenorfin, nikotin, rivastigmin, östradiol ve gliseril trinitrat flasterleri yerleşik örneklerdir.

Isı (ateş, ısıtıcı yastıklar, sıcak banyo) fentanil flasterlerinden absorpsiyonu artırarak doz aşımına yol açabilir; kullanılmış flasterler hâlâ etkin madde içerdiğinden yapışkan yüzleri içe gelecek şekilde katlanmalı ve çocukların erişemeyeceği biçimde güvenle atılmalıdır.

Diğer adları:Transdermal flaster · Transdermal terapötik sistem
Updated 24.09.2026 0 views Educational reference — verify against current sources before clinical use.

Read next

Route of AdministrationUygulama Yolu

The path by which a drug is brought into contact with the body, such as oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhaled, topical or transdermal.

 First-Pass Effectİlk Geçiş Etkisi

The metabolism of a drug in the liver (or gut wall) before it reaches systemic circulation, often reducing the bioavailability of orally administered drugs.

 Modified-Release FormulationDeğiştirilmiş Salımlı Formülasyon

A dosage form in which the rate, timing or site of drug release is deliberately altered from that of a conventional product, as in prolonged-release, delayed-release and pulsatile preparations.

 Lag TimeGecikme Süresi

The delay between drug administration and the first appearance of measurable drug in the systemic circulation, before absorption begins.

 Medication AdherenceTedaviye Uyum

The extent to which a patient's medication-taking behaviour corresponds with the recommendations agreed with the prescriber.

 Flip-Flop KineticsFlip-Flop Kinetiği

A situation in which the absorption rate constant is smaller than the elimination rate constant (ka < ke), so that the terminal slope of the plasma concentration–time curve reflects absorption rather than elimination.