General Pharmacology

ex vivo

Describes experiments on living cells, tissues or fluids removed from an organism and studied outside it under conditions that preserve their function, often after the organism has received a drug (Latin, 'out of the living').

In depth

Typical examples are platelet aggregation testing of blood from patients taking antiplatelet drugs, receptor-occupancy assays on tissue from treated animals, isolated perfused organ preparations and cytokine-release assays in whole blood. Ex vivo designs bridge in vitro and in vivo work by capturing the effect of genuine in vivo exposure while allowing controlled laboratory measurement.

In advanced therapies the term also describes procedures in which a patient's cells are modified outside the body and then reinfused, as in CAR-T cell therapy and ex vivo gene therapy.

Clinical pearl

Ex vivo platelet function tests can show a reduced response to clopidogrel (for example, in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers), but routine testing to guide antiplatelet therapy is not generally recommended.

Example drugs

Clopidogrel aspirin
TRIn Turkish

ex vivo

Latince 'canlının dışında' anlamına gelen ve bir organizmadan alınan canlı hücre, doku veya sıvılar üzerinde, işlevlerini koruyan koşullarda organizma dışında yapılan deneyleri tanımlayan terimdir; organizmaya çoğu zaman önceden ilaç uygulanmıştır.

Tipik örnekler arasında antitrombosit ilaç kullanan hastaların kanında trombosit agregasyonu testleri, tedavi edilmiş hayvanlardan alınan dokularda reseptör doluluk testleri, izole perfüze organ preparatları ve tam kanda sitokin salıverilme testleri sayılabilir. Ex vivo tasarımlar, gerçek in vivo maruziyetin etkisini yakalarken kontrollü laboratuvar ölçümüne de olanak vererek in vitro ve in vivo çalışmalar arasında köprü kurar.

İleri tedavi tıbbi ürünlerinde terim, hastanın hücrelerinin vücut dışında değiştirilip yeniden infüze edildiği işlemleri de tanımlar; CAR-T hücre tedavisi ve ex vivo gen tedavisi bunun örnekleridir.

Ex vivo trombosit fonksiyon testleri klopidogrele yanıtın azaldığını (örneğin CYP2C19 zayıf metabolizörlerinde) gösterebilir; ancak antitrombosit tedaviyi yönlendirmek amacıyla rutin olarak yapılması genel olarak önerilmemektedir.

Updated 24.09.2026 0 views Educational reference — verify against current sources before clinical use.

Read next

in vitroin vitro

Experiments or studies performed outside a living organism, typically in a controlled laboratory environment such as a test tube or petri dish using cells, tissues, or biological molecules.

 in vivoin vivo

Experiments or studies conducted within a living organism, such as in animals or humans, to observe effects in a complete biological system.

 Preclinical StudyKlinik Öncesi Çalışma

Laboratory and animal investigation of a drug candidate's pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity, carried out before first administration to humans to justify and design safe clinical trials.

 CYP2C19CYP2C19

A cytochrome P450 enzyme that activates the prodrug clopidogrel to its antiplatelet metabolite and also metabolises proton pump inhibitors and several other drugs.

 Poor MetabolizerZayıf Metabolizör

A CPIC phenotype for a person carrying two non-functional (no-function) alleles of a drug-metabolising enzyme gene, resulting in little or no enzyme activity.