General Pharmacology

Drug

TRİlaç
Also known as:Medicine · Medicinal product · Pharmaceutical

A substance or product used, or intended for use, to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient, that is, to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve disease.

In depth

In pharmacology the term usually denotes the chemically defined active substance that produces a biological effect, whereas in regulatory usage a medicinal product is the finished form (active substance plus excipients in a dosage form) that holds a marketing authorisation. Drugs may be small synthetic molecules, natural products, peptides, proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, nucleic-acid therapies or cell and gene therapies.

Active substances are generally identified by an International Nonproprietary Name (INN) and can be classified, for example, by the ATC system. In Turkey, medicinal products for human use (beşeri tıbbi ürünler) are authorised by TİTCK (Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu), which grants the marketing authorisation (ruhsat).

Clinical pearl

Patients often do not regard non-prescription medicines, herbal remedies and supplements as drugs; a complete medication history should ask about them explicitly, because they can cause interactions and adverse reactions.

TRIn Turkish

İlaç

Alıcının yararına fizyolojik sistemleri veya patolojik durumları değiştirmek ya da incelemek, yani hastalıkları önlemek, tanılamak, tedavi etmek veya hafifletmek amacıyla kullanılan ya da kullanılması amaçlanan madde veya üründür.

Farmakolojide terim genellikle biyolojik etki oluşturan, kimyasal olarak tanımlı etkin maddeyi ifade eder; düzenleyici kullanımda ise tıbbi ürün, etkin madde ve yardımcı maddelerin bir farmasötik dozaj şeklinde bir araya getirildiği ruhsatlı son üründür. İlaçlar küçük sentetik moleküller, doğal ürünler, peptitler, monoklonal antikorlar gibi proteinler, nükleik asit temelli tedaviler ya da hücre ve gen tedavileri olabilir.

Etkin maddeler genellikle bir Uluslararası Mülkiyete Konu Olmayan İsim (INN) ile tanımlanır ve örneğin ATC sistemiyle sınıflandırılabilir. Türkiye'de beşeri tıbbi ürünlere ruhsatı Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu (TİTCK) verir.

Hastalar reçetesiz ilaçları, bitkisel ürünleri ve besin takviyelerini çoğu zaman ilaç olarak görmez; etkileşimlere ve advers reaksiyonlara yol açabildikleri için eksiksiz bir ilaç öyküsünde bunlar özellikle sorulmalıdır.

Diğer adları:Tıbbi ürün · Beşeri tıbbi ürün
Updated 24.09.2026 0 views Educational reference — verify against current sources before clinical use.

Read next

Active Pharmaceutical IngredientEtkin Madde

The substance in a medicinal product that is responsible for its pharmacological activity, as distinct from the excipients; in manufacturing terms it is the drug substance produced under GMP.

 ExcipientYardımcı Madde

Any constituent of a medicinal product other than the active substance, added to enable manufacture, maintain stability, control release, improve acceptability or aid administration.

 Dosage FormFarmasötik Dozaj Şekli

The physical form in which a drug is manufactured and administered, combining the active substance with excipients, for example a tablet, capsule, solution, suspension, injection, cream, transdermal patch or inhalation powder.

 International Nonproprietary NameUluslararası Mülkiyete Konu Olmayan İsim

A unique, globally recognized generic name assigned by the World Health Organization to a pharmaceutical substance, which is public property and cannot be registered as a trademark.

 Marketing AuthorizationRuhsat

The license granted by a competent regulatory authority that allows a medicinal product to be placed on the market, based on assessment of its quality, safety and efficacy for defined indications and conditions of use.

 XenobioticKsenobiyotik

A chemical that is foreign to an organism, being neither produced by it nor part of its normal biochemistry; drugs, environmental pollutants, food additives and many plant toxins are examples.