Pharmacokinetics

Compartment Model

TRKompartman Modeli
Also known as:Compartmental model · Compartmental analysis

A mathematical model that represents the body as one or more kinetically homogeneous, interconnected compartments, used to describe and predict drug concentration–time profiles.

Formula

One-compartment IV bolus: C = C0 × exp(−ke × t) Two-compartment IV bolus: C = A × exp(−α × t) + B × exp(−β × t)

In depth

Compartments are abstract kinetic spaces rather than anatomical organs: drug within each is assumed to mix instantly and uniformly, and transfer between compartments follows first-order rate constants. In a one-compartment model, concentration declines mono-exponentially after an intravenous bolus. In a two-compartment model, a central compartment (plasma and highly perfused tissues) exchanges with a peripheral one, giving a bi-exponential decline (coefficients A and B) with a rapid distribution (α) phase and a slower elimination (β) phase.

Compartment models underpin population pharmacokinetics, target-controlled infusion and Bayesian dosing. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models instead use compartments representing real organs.

Clinical pearl

For drugs with a prolonged distribution phase, such as digoxin and lithium, samples taken before distribution is complete give misleadingly high levels and should not be used for dose adjustment.

TRIn Turkish

Kompartman Modeli

Vücudu kinetik açıdan homojen ve birbirine bağlı bir veya daha fazla bölme (kompartman) olarak temsil eden, ilaç konsantrasyonu–zaman profillerini tanımlamak ve öngörmek için kullanılan matematiksel modeldir.

Kompartmanlar anatomik organlar değil, soyut kinetik alanlardır: her birinin içindeki ilacın anında ve homojen olarak karıştığı, kompartmanlar arası geçişin ise birinci derece hız sabitlerine uyduğu varsayılır. Tek kompartmanlı modelde intravenöz bolustan sonra konsantrasyon tek üstel olarak azalır. İki kompartmanlı modelde santral kompartman (plazma ve kanlanması yüksek dokular) periferik kompartmanla madde alışverişi yapar; iki üstelli azalmada (katsayılar A ve B) hızlı bir dağılım (α) fazını daha yavaş bir eliminasyon (β) fazı izler.

Kompartman modelleri popülasyon farmakokinetiği, hedef kontrollü infüzyon ve Bayesçi dozlamanın temelini oluşturur. Fizyoloji temelli farmakokinetik (PBPK) modeller ise gerçek organları temsil eden kompartmanlar kullanır.

Digoksin ve lityum gibi dağılım fazı uzun ilaçlarda, dağılım tamamlanmadan alınan örnekler yanıltıcı derecede yüksek düzeyler verir ve doz ayarlamasında kullanılmamalıdır.

Diğer adları:Kompartıman modeli · Bölmeli model
Updated 24.09.2026 0 views Educational reference — verify against current sources before clinical use.

Read next

Population PharmacokineticsPopülasyon Farmakokinetiği

The study of the sources and magnitude of variability in drug concentrations among individuals in a target patient population, using data pooled from many patients, often with only a few samples each.

 DistributionDağılım

The reversible transfer of a drug from the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluids and tissues of the body after it has reached the systemic circulation.

 Volume of DistributionSanal Dağılım Hacmi

A theoretical volume that describes the extent to which a drug is distributed throughout the body tissues relative to the plasma, indicating how much the drug leaves the bloodstream to enter tissues.

 Elimination Rate ConstantEliminasyon Hız Sabiti

A first-order rate constant (Ke or Kel) that quantifies the fraction of drug eliminated from the body per unit time, used to calculate half-life.

 Context-Sensitive Half-TimeBağlama Duyarlı Yarılanma Süresi

The time required for the plasma (central compartment) concentration of a drug to fall by 50% after stopping a continuous infusion of a given duration, the 'context' being the duration of the infusion.

 PharmacokineticsFarmakokinetik

The branch of pharmacology that describes what the body does to a drug: the time course of its absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and the resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues.