Toxicology

Toxidrome

TRToksidrom
Also known as:Toxic syndrome

A constellation of signs and symptoms (vital signs, mental status, pupils, skin and bowel sounds) characteristic of poisoning by a particular class of agents, used to identify the likely cause at the bedside.

In depth

The term, a contraction of 'toxic syndrome', describes pattern recognition in the poisoned patient when the exposure is unknown or the history is unreliable. Classical toxidromes are the anticholinergic, cholinergic, opioid, sympathomimetic and sedative-hypnotic syndromes; serotonin syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and withdrawal syndromes are often added. Key discriminating findings are heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, pupil size, sweating versus dry skin, bowel sounds and level of consciousness.

Toxidromes guide empirical treatment and antidote selection before laboratory confirmation, but mixed ingestions, comorbidities and time since exposure can blur the picture. An ECG (QRS and QT intervals), glucose, electrolytes and acid–base assessment (anion and osmolal gaps) complement the examination.

Clinical pearl

Skin moisture is a useful bedside discriminator: anticholinergic and sympathomimetic toxidromes share tachycardia, hyperthermia and mydriasis, but the skin is dry in anticholinergic and sweaty in sympathomimetic poisoning.

TRIn Turkish

Toksidrom

Belirli bir etken grubuyla zehirlenmeye özgü olan ve olası nedenin yatak başında tanınmasına yardımcı olan bulgu ve belirtiler topluluğudur (yaşamsal bulgular, bilinç durumu, pupiller, cilt ve bağırsak sesleri).

"Toksik sendrom" ifadesinin kısaltması olan terim, maruziyetin bilinmediği ya da öykünün güvenilir olmadığı durumlarda zehirlenen hastada örüntü tanımayı ifade eder. Klasik toksidromlar antikolinerjik, kolinerjik, opioid, sempatomimetik ve sedatif-hipnotik sendromlardır; serotonin sendromu, nöroleptik malign sendrom ve yoksunluk sendromları da sıklıkla bu gruba eklenir. Ayırt edici temel bulgular kalp hızı, kan basıncı, vücut sıcaklığı, solunum hızı, pupil çapı, terleme ya da cilt kuruluğu, bağırsak sesleri ve bilinç düzeyidir.

Toksidromlar laboratuvar doğrulamasından önce ampirik tedaviye ve antidot seçimine yön verir; ancak karma alımlar, eşlik eden hastalıklar ve maruziyetten bu yana geçen süre tabloyu bulanıklaştırabilir. EKG (QRS ve QT aralıkları), kan şekeri, elektrolitler ve asit–baz değerlendirmesi (anyon ve ozmolal açık) muayeneyi tamamlar.

Cilt nemi yatak başında yararlı bir ayırt edici bulgudur: antikolinerjik ve sempatomimetik toksidromlarda ortak olarak taşikardi, hipertermi ve midriyazis görülür; ancak cilt antikolinerjik zehirlenmede kuru, sempatomimetik zehirlenmede terlidir.

Diğer adları:Toksik sendrom
Updated 24.09.2026 0 views Educational reference — verify against current sources before clinical use.

Read next

Anticholinergic ToxidromeAntikolinerjik Toksidrom

A clinical syndrome caused by blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, characterised by delirium, tachycardia, hyperthermia, mydriasis, dry flushed skin, urinary retention and reduced bowel sounds.

 Cholinergic ToxidromeKolinerjik Toksidrom

A clinical syndrome of excess acetylcholine activity at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, most often from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, producing copious secretions, bronchospasm, bradycardia, miosis, fasciculations and weakness.

 Opioid ToxidromeOpioid Toksidromu

A clinical syndrome of opioid excess, mediated mainly by mu-opioid receptor agonism and defined by the triad of depressed consciousness, respiratory depression (reduced rate and/or depth) and miosis.

 Serotonin SyndromeSerotonin Sendromu

A potentially life-threatening drug-induced toxidrome caused by excess serotonergic activity in the central and peripheral nervous systems, typically after combining serotonergic drugs or after overdose.

 Withdrawal SyndromeYoksunluk Sendromu

A characteristic cluster of signs and symptoms that follows abrupt discontinuation, rapid dose reduction or antagonist reversal of a drug to which the body has adapted during prolonged use.

 AntidoteAntidot

A substance that counteracts the effects of a poison or drug overdose by preventing its absorption, binding or inactivating it, antagonising it at its site of action, enhancing its elimination or reversing its toxic effects.