The pharmacology dictionary, in two languages.

A pharmacologically inert substance or sham procedure made indistinguishable from an active treatment, used mainly as a control in clinical trials.

The concurrent use of multiple medicines by one patient, most often defined as five or more regular medicines, which may be appropriate or problematic.

A medicine whose risks outweigh its expected benefits in a particular patient or population, typically older adults, especially when a safer or more effective alternative exists.